During this
day a PT came to tell us about the special needs of children in school. We
separated in groups and each one looked for information of a disorder that he
assigned us, we looked for information of the same and we exposed it in front
of our companions. Finally, he explained it to us well and finished completing
telling us the supports that were offered to them in the school.
Disorders
with special needs of support:
- ADHD
- High capacities
- Do not know the lenguage in 2nd and 4th degree
- Dyslexia
- Asperger
- Down's Syndrome
- Hearing loss
- Intellectual disability
- Dystography / Dysgraphy
TDAH
Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurobiological disorder that affects 5% of
children worldwide, 6% in Spain.
The
symptoms it presents are:
•Lack of
attention
•
Hyperactivity
•
Impulsivity
What to do
to manage ADHD at school:
A structured environment
Children
who have this disorder learn best when the lesson is structured, as it is more
difficult for them to maintain the attention at the same for a long time. Some
of the procedures to follow are: to give advance notice of the exams and the
tasks so that they have sufficient time to prepare it, to give complete
instructions of what they has to do, in class to offer him transversal tasks,
like going to make photocopies or take him some papers to another teacher, so
that the child is distracted, ...
A predictable environment
The change
of a subject, activity or class to another is complicated by what we have to do
so that they see it very clear and not be confused.
A suitable environment for learning
Place it in
a place of the class where it is easier to maintain the attention, like in front
row near the slate, and avoid isolating it.
High capacities
According
to the World Health Organization (WHO): << a "gifted" person
who has an IQ greater than 130 >>. However, this is not accurate since
they take into account only this data and not Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
Theory. According to this we can define the gifted as that person who after
several tests, shows high percentiles (above 75) in all types of intelligence.
Dislexia
The
dictionary defines dyslexia as the "difficulty in learning to read or
write, often associated with disorders of motor coordination.”
Dyslexia is a problem that affects 1 in 10
students, so is important to develop a good curriculum so that children who
suffer from it can improve their academic performance. In addition, an early
identification of the problem and the help that the child can receive, both
from school and abroad, are another point in favor.
Asperger
As the ASPERGER Confederation of Spain says: "Asperger's syndrome is a
severe developmental disorder that involves a neurobiologically determined
alteration in information processing. Affected people have normal appearance
and intelligence, even above average. They present a particular cognitive style
and frequently, special abilities in restricted areas".
Down's
Syndrome
Down
syndrome is a genetic disease resulting from the trisomy of pair 21 due to
meiotic non-disjunction, mitotic or unbalanced translocation of that pair,
which presents with a frequency of 1 in 800,000 inhabitants, increasing with
maternal age.
The general
clinical signs that characterize this picture are: mental deficiency,
brachycephaly, continuous facial erythema, microtia, Brushfield spots,
congenital cardiac abnormalities, dysplasia of the second phalanx of the fifth
finger, small hands, mongolic facies, hypotonia, as well as delay In physical
and psychic development. However, the presence of mental retardation in these
patients can be variable, finding mild conditions that allow these patients to
perform daily tasks very easily.
There is no
treatment for Down's syndrome, so rehabilitation measures using special
physiotherapeutic, speech-language and psycho-technical techniques play an
important role in patients with severe mental compromise, allowing them in most
cases an adequate social reintegration. (
Hearing loss
It is the
total or partial inability to hear sounds in one or both ears.
Dysortography
It concerns
disturbances of the written use of language; Is frequently associated with
delays in oral language, as a symptomatology of an unappreciated silesia,
resulting from faulty learning or an unfavorable cultural environment, such as
lack of attention or reading comprehension.
Dysgraphia
Defective
writing without significant neurological or intellectual impairment.
References
TDAH y tú (2015). Manejar el TDAH en clase. Retrieved from http://www.tdahytu.es/manejar-el-tdah-en-clase/
Altas capacidades y talentos (2016). Qué son las
Altas Capacidades Intelectuales. Retrieved fromhttp://www.altascapacidadesytalentos.com/que-significa-tener-las-altas-capacidades/
Confederación ASPERGER España (2005). Retrieved fromhttps://www.asperger.es/
Pérez Chávez Diego Alberto. (2014). SIndrome de Down. Revista de Actualización Clínica Investiga, 45, 2357-2361.
Medline Plus (2016). Retrieved fromhttps://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003044.htm
Pcicopedagogía.com (2017). Retrieved fromhttp://www.psicopedagogia.com/disortografia
Pcicopedagogía.com (2017). Retrieved fromhttp://www.psicopedagogia.com/disgrafia
